山西省2023届三重教育10月高三大联考地理试题答案

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二、阅读下面的文字，完成4~6题。（15分)】岭上多白云①汗漫西湖九月，游船点点。偶有水鸟飞掠而下，把湖中颤动不已的荷叶当成了停机坪。西湖边，浙江美术馆前的广告牌一“岭上多白云：汪曾祺诞辰百年书画作品展”，吸引了我的视线。我知道汪先生有三大爱好：写写字，做做饭，画画虫鸟花卉食材。他的小说创作受教于沈从文的一个指点：“贴着人物写。”就是贴近所写人物的内心去写，合于世道遭际、苍狗白云。八十年代起，他有《异秉》《大淖记事》等小说相继发表，延续废名、沈从文一脉风致，绘出江南风情图，于平淡中见惊艳。他每天提着袋子到莱市场转悠，根据眼前食材构思莱谱，像作家根据掌握的素材构思文章。“生鸡活鸭、鲜鱼水菜、碧绿的黄瓜、通红的辣椒，热热闹闹、挨挨挤挤，让人感到一种生之乐趣。”家常食材，经他之手，改变操作手法，锅中、盘中、碗中的色彩与滋味，焕然一新，摆脱了既往口舌感受中的陈词滥调。“辞必己出嘛，哈哈…”他这样端着菜盘子自我调侃，朋友们边吃边举大拇指，“味道好，好文章，哈哈…”他有秘诀：“粗莱细做。”比如，让大虾与土豆相依偎，出人意料，境界高迥。看他写的莱谱，如读明清小品。苦辣酸甜臭麻咸，喜怒哀乐悲恐惊，滋味一同。受父亲影响，汪曾祺幼年有作画心愿。作文之余，时时随意涂抹花鸟虫鱼、土豆白菜，消遣散心。六十岁重新开始写小说，依旧大密度作画，被赞曰“文人画”。求画者多多，有求必应，腾出书桌一角就画。为林斤澜画荷叶，绿颜料不够用，就进厨房端出半碗菠菜汁，涂上去，那画面就隐隐有醋意，像在嫉妒那一朵荷花的美。观画者感叹：“生活气息多浓郁啊，原生态一怎么画的？”汪曾淇嘿嘿嘿嘿笑，不言。庚子年，疫情未了，我在西湖边“偶遇”汪曾祺，喜悦起来。想到了苏东坡，忽觉得，苏与汪一古一今相似度颇高：都写字、做饭、画画，名动天下；都曾处于话语中心、受挫、被贬于边缘；都因饮酒或吃冷饮而肠胃崩溃、遽然辞世；都怀着、表达着、遗存着对尘世万物的爱意深情。浙江美术馆举办的这一画展，是汪曾祺生前与身后的首次画展。题材大都是花木虫鸟，人物画只有一幅《子瞻样》，子瞻或者说东坡，站在一棵树下沉思，身姿清癯，不胖。规格大多是尺幅小品，受制于汪曾祺位于北京蒲黄榆家中的书桌。大幅作品，伏在地板上一挥而就，家人经过，须跳跃闪避。他嘿嘿嘿嘿自我欣赏一番，待画晾干，就卷起来扔在书柜上，抽烟、盯着天花板、摇荡着腿，去想小说中的人与事了。想着想着，眼睛木木着亮起来，一篇好文章就问世了。汪曾祺从没有以画谋财的心机。其笔墨，完全是写作之余内心的散放，自由复自治，这恰恰是文人画与商业画差异所在一不取媚于世人，独与天地自我相往来。苏轼、黄庭坚如此，吴镇、倪瓒亦如此，即便困顿不堪也拒绝以卖画求生存。他们是文人画的源头人物，创造一种画风，其实就是创造一种人格。当下，许多作家操持水墨油彩，自称画文人画，并试图进入市场。他们或许不明白：文人画难在有文、贵在有人，文须佳，人贵真醇，非率尔操觚者所能为。“我的画，不过是一片白云而已，‘只可自怡悦，不堪持赠君’。”汪曾祺如是说，是谦谦君子言，也是磊磊孤傲者独白一孤独的白，岭上云朵的白，来自秦、汉、魏、晋、南北朝…那个在云朵间获得愉悦感的陶弘景，汪曾祺喜欢。苏东坡也喜欢白云，曾作诗：“云兮汝归山，无使达官怕。”达官为何怕？东坡未明说，大概怕以云朵对比出一己的凝滞、污痕、不自在。展厅安静，我慢慢走，慢慢看，看这些花卉虫鸟，如同在逶迤峰岭上看白云。两枝紫藏花，在风中纷乱纠缠在一起。这画面上方，是汪曾祺落款：“紫薇花对紫薇郎。此画殊无章法，紫薇亦无章法。”无章无法，得解放，画画如此，作文亦如此。随风吹而动静起伏就美好，紫薇如此，岭上白云亦如此。一只蜻蜓，从一盏灯似的荷花上空，振翅而起。寥寥几笔，画出一幅《蜻蜓荷花》。汪曾祺在右侧题款：“一九八四年三月十日午煮面等水开时而作。”我笑了。他慢性子，悠悠然作此画，蜻蜓急性子，等不及水开面熟就飞了一西湖上的天色吸引了它？汪曾祺爱吃面，有此为证。画画也属餐桌、书桌之间的即兴之作。汪曾祺用画画作日记。“夏雨。一九八四年六月二十一日天气闷热”。题款旁，是两叶芭蕉、一枝紫藤。他爱画紫藤。一九八四年五一节，画兴大发，作十幅画，最后一幅画就是满纸紫藤，题款曰：“后院有紫藤一架，无人管理，任其恣意攀盘而极旺茂，花盛时仰卧架下，使人醺然有醉意。”他的画和文章，兀自在平淡中掀波澜。风吹水面，暗含深渊，文字就有了入心动人的力量。汪曾祺的语言就是风，暮春初夏时节的风，《诗经》“风”“雅”“颂”中的风，送来小温暖大感慨。画中有文章，文章中有画。汪曾祺的文与画里有阵阵风吹，让紫藤、野草、蔷薇、菊花、柳树等寻常花木，以及那些花木般的卑微者，激动、感动、生动。在西湖边，我“遇到”汪曾祺，写下这些散乱文字，忽觉得白纸如云、黑字连绵如峰岭一风吹岭上多白云。(有删改)【注】①出自陶弘景诗：“山中何所有，岭上多白云。只可自怡悦，不堪持赠君。”4.下列对本文相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是(3分)A.岭上白云，形容汪曾祺自由灵动的创作风格，也比喻其自在洒脱的个性、真醇高洁的品格。B.汪曾祺作画无章无法，不重视商业价值，常使自己陷入困顿，这恰恰彰显了他的人格操守。C.作者将对汪曾祺先生的敬仰之情蕴含于叙述和描写中，感情充沛饱满、真挚深厚。D.文章以诙谐幽默的语言描写汪曾祺，绘形传神，富于生活气息，令读者倍感亲切。【答案】B【解析】“汪曾祺作画无章无法，不重视商业价值，常使自己陷入困顿”错误，原文是说“汪曾祺从没有以画谋财的心机…苏轼、黄庭坚如此，吴镇、倪瓒亦如此，即便困顿不堪也拒绝以卖画求生存”。5.汪曾祺将写字、做饭、画画相互融通，请结合文章的相关内容，解说这种融通达到了怎样的境界。(6分)【答案】示例：汪曾祺做饭如写作一般，讲究食材的选择搭配，构思手法出新，形成独特的风格，令人品味到人生百味；作画题材多为日常生活中的虫鸟花卉、蔬莱水果，用菜汁做染料，充满浓郁的生活气息；“用画画作日记”，画中有文、文中有画，蕴含着对尘世万物的深情爱意及文人风骨。写字、做饭、画画将创作、生活、人格高度融合，达到了生活艺术化、艺术生活化的境界。6.作者说汪曾祺的文与画里“有阵阵风吹”，请结合具体内容赏析作者这样形容的妙处。(6分)【答案】作者用比喻写出汪曾祺的文与画体现着国风的传统，用平淡质朴的语言反映现实中的普通生活，用自由灵动的笔墨描绘寻常花木，赋予卑微者以生命活力；蕴含着他对尘世万物的深刻思考、爱意深情，融入了他的人格风骨；汪曾祺的文与画给读者以震撼心灵的力量。作者这样形容，生动形象地反映出汪曾祺文与画的艺术魅力，寄寓了作者对他的赞赏与敬佩之情。

DYour child is unique,but what all children have in common is natural curiosity and an ability to learn theyare born with.Our brains are active all the time,and a baby's brain is the busiest of all.Research has shown thatbabies begin to understand language about twice as fast as they actually speak it.By showing children otherlanguages at an early age,you are giving them the opportunity to make use of their natural ability to hear andrecognize between the sounds of other languages,and their ability to make sense of what they are hearing.Communication is something that children do to help them achieve something else,and they are unaware ofthe large amount of learning taking place.They take everything in through their senses,making connectionsbetween what they hear,see,smell,taste and touch.As long as we provide the right conditions,their learningand development will take place in a natural way.In your child's early years,the emotional environment is just as important as the physical environment.Children learn when they feel safe,happy,valued and listened to.This is central to any learning experience in achild's early years,including learning an additional language.Your child has a trial-and-error approach to itsdevelopment,and making mistakes is a valuable part of the learning process.When children learn an additionallanguage at an early age,they get the benefits of experimenting with that language as a natural part of theirdevelopment.Their progress isn't prevented by the fear of getting it wrong,and very young children are simplyworking their way towards getting it right.The long-term benefits of learning another language go beyond being able to communicate with others.Studies suggest that children learning an additional language tend to score better on standardized tests becauselearning languages develops listening,observation,problem-solving and critical()thinking skills.Theseare skills that are of lifelong benefit,both personally and professionally.Encouraging in children a love oflanguage at an early age prepares them well for school and for life.12.What do we know about children according to paragraph 1?A.Children are busy playing.B.Children are born to speak.C.Children are good at speaking native languages.D.Children have a better ability to learn other languages.13.While learning a language,childrenA.speak to themselvesB.need to have language classesC.make use of their different sensesD.notice how much they have learned14.Children learn when theyA.are in bad emotionsB.are full of fearC.make some mistakesD.are curious about nothing15.In fact learning another language helps children toA.take more testsB.have a good timeC.encourage themselvesD.develop lifelong skills【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了孩子具有很强的语言学习能力，在孩子小的时候就给他们学习其他语言的机会，有利于孩子培养他们的听力、观察、解决问题和批判性思维能力，这些技能是终身受益的。l2.D推理判断题。根据第一段中By showing children other languages at an early age,and their ability to makesense of what they are hearing.可知，孩子们学习其他语言的能力更强。l3.C细节理解题。根据第二段中They take everything in through their senses,making connections betweenwhat they hear,see,smell,taste and touch.可知，学习语言时，孩子们会利用他们不同的感官。l4.C细节理解题。根据第三段中Your child has a trial-and-error approach to its development,and makingmistakes is a valuable part of the learning process..可知，孩子们能从错误中学习。l5.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中Studies suggest that children learning an additional language.,lifelongbenefit,both personally and professionally..可知，学习另一种语言可以帮助孩子发展终身技能。