学普试卷·2023届高三第一次(模拟版)英语答案

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BUnusually bright light in the sky that appeared suddenly last June has got astronomers in great excitement.After months of study,they still aren't sure what the object-universally referred to as the "Cow"-is.Whateverit is,says astronomer Liliana Rivera Sandoval of Texas Tech University in Lubbock,"It's super strange."The Cow first appeared in telescope observations on 16 June 2018,in what turned out to be a small galaxy()about 200 million light years away."When we saw that we thought,let's get on this,says Daniel Perley,anastronomer at Liverpool John Moores University.The early observations confirmed the Cow was truly strange.It didn't show the obvious changes in its lightoutput that an exploding star would make.Sandoval says as soon as she and her colleagues knew the Cow wastruly distant,they requested time on NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory to see what the Cow was doing inX-rays.Although the X-ray brightness varied over the early weeks,"the spectrum()didn't change,which isvery unusual,"she notes.After 3 weeks,the X-ray signal began to vary more wildly while also dropping off inbrightness.Many astronomers agree that the long and steady duration of the event means that it was powered after aninitial explosion by some form of central engine.But what that engine may be is also far from clear.Some arguethat it could be a very unusual star whose central part has collapsed()inward after it exploded.Others say itis a tidal disruption event-a star being torn apart by a black hole.But that usually requires the supermassiveblack hole in the center of a galaxy,and the Cow is situated in its galaxy's arm.So,some say,it could be a tidaldisruption event generated by an intermediate mass black hole,although evidence for the existence of suchsmaller black holes remains controversial."All explanations have problems,Sandoval says,"I hope there aremore Cows.”4.What is astronomers'main concern about the Cow?A.What it is.B.How it forms.C.When it appears.D.Where it is from.5.What did Sandoval and her team hope to find out about the Cow in X-rays at NASA?A.What the Cow was doing.B.How far the Cow is from the earth.C.Whether the Cow is an exploding star.D.Why the X-ray signals varied wildly.6.What do Sandoval's words at the end of the text probably mean?A.The research results help little.B.More Cows will appear.C.Extra attention should be paid to the Cow.D.More information is needed.7.What is the best title for the text?A.A Strange Explosion in Deep SpaceB.An Interesting Observation of NASAC.A Wide Range of Changes in the GalaxiesD.A Great Achievement in Astronomy【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一个新出现在太空中的发光体引起天文学家的极大关注，但对它的观察结论却难达共识。4.A推理判断题。根据第一段After months of study,they still aren't sure what the object-一universallyreferred to as the“Cow”一is.可知天文学家们首要关心的是“Cow”是什么。5.A细节理解题。根据第三段Sandoval says as soon as she and her colleagues knew the Cow was truly distant,they requested time on NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory to see what the Cow was doing in X-rays.,Sandoval和她的团队希望通过NASA的X射线发现Cow在做什么。6.D推理判断题。根据最后一段“All explanations have problems,”Sandoval says,“I hope there are moreC0ws.”可知，目前观测C0w得出的结论都有问题，由此推断，她希望出现更多的Cow提供更多的信息。7.A标题归纳题。根据第一段Unusually bright light in the sky that appeared suddenly last June has gotastronomers in great excitement,.,.“It's super strange,”并结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了一个新出现在太空中的发光体引起天文学家的极大关注，但对它的观察结论却难达共识。全文“theC0w”这一主题贯穿始终，A项“深空的奇怪爆炸”最适合作为文章标题。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）》根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What is culture?Culture is too complex to define in simple terms.16 One is that culture is a total pattern of behaviourthat is consistent in its components.Another is that culture is learned behaviour.The third is that culture isbehaviour that is shared by a group of people.To understand the culture of a particular country or region,one could examine its components,among whichare material culture,language,and social organization.Material culture includes the tools and symbols in asociety,not including those physical things found in nature,unless they have undergone some change or havebeen given meaning by people.17 The way we consume and what we consume are heavily influenced bymaterial culture.18 Linked with all other aspects of culture,it reflects the nature and values of that culture.Industrialized societies have a rich vocabulary for commercial and industrial activities,while less industrializedsocieties may have richer vocabularies for matters important to their societies.The Inuits in Alaska have manywords to describe snow whereas English has only one general term.Social organization differs somewhat from society to society.The primary kind of community association isbased on blood ties.19 It provides mutual protection,psychological support,and a kind of economicinsurance or social security for its members.The term "brothers"in Zaire includes those whom we call cousinsand uncles.Cultural analysis serves a variety of purposes.Understanding the various dimensions and their inter-relatedness helps promote cross-cultural awareness.20A.Some scholars even suggest that it is useless to try.B.Language is the most obvious difference between cultures.C.However,there are certain agreed-on fundamentals that can be easily identified.D.The values represented within a culture can also change with the passing of time.E.For example,a mouse running on a street is not part of a culture,but the Mickey Mouse is.F.In many developing countries,the extended family fulfills several social and economic roles.G.It leads on to the promotion of goodwill,social and economic planning and harmony between socialgroupings or societies.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了什么是文化，如何理解文化，以及分析了文化有何好处。16.C根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语来定义。而下文却又给文化下了定义。由此可知，文化虽复杂，不好筒单定义，但在某些方面还是达成了共识的。前后构成转折，分析选项可知，C项符合语境。l7.E根据空前Material culture includes the tools and symbols..or have been given meaning by people,可知，物质文化不包括自然界中的物质，除非它们经历了某种变化或被人们赋予了意义。分析选项可知，E项中说的街上的老鼠不是物质文化的一部分，但米老鼠是，因为它被赋予了意义，成为了文化的一部分。E项符合题意。l8.B本空格所在的第三段中出现的vocabularies、words、English等都属于语言的范畴，由此可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知B项符合语境。19.F,根据空前的“社区交往的主要形式是以血缘关系为基础的。”及下句“它为其成员提供相互保护、心理支持和一种经济保险或社会保障。”可知，本段主要介绍了大家庭发挥了若干社会和经济作用。F项与上下文衔接紧密。20.G根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同层面及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出，空格处主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知，G项符合题意。